How to Write a Good Public Health Thesis Literature Review

Literature Review Examples

Usually, a literature review tin be described equally an objective, concise, and critical summary of published research literature pertinent to the subject being researched in an article. A literature can be an end in itself (an analysis of what is known about a topic) or a prologue to and rationale for engaging in main enquiry.

Basic Guidelines

The following are guidelines on how to write a literature review:

• Organize the literature review around key topics of concepts. Use headings or topic sentences to convey your organizational principle.

• Tell a story most the research. This volition assist you with your system.

• Be selective. Incorporate just studies that are pertinent to your subject area.

• Synthesize and evaluate.

• Use a summary to assist the reader to relate every department to the wider topic and to clarify your argument'southward movement. Where have we just been and where are we heading to?

Organizing Tips

When writing your literature review, place background information, for example, explanations of a theoretical model or clinical situation, at sections where information technology will be most helpful for your readers. For instance, if various researchers have utilized a similar theoretical approach, define that framework before reviewing those studies.

Dissever your literature review into segments with appropriate descriptions, following the guidelines of the documentation organisation yous're using. Your outline provides the basis for this sectionalisation since information technology has already clustered studies together under headings and subheadings.

Conclude each section in your review with a summary department or paragraph. The summary's length ought to reflect the length of the section. Conclude the whole review with a summary that recaps the most of import aspects and findings. This final summary is also the department where you'll make major comparisons, convey your opinion or critique the adequacy of research methods and approaches, and identify inconsistencies. Your critique enables you lot to end your literature review past posing unanswered questions, proposing approaches upcoming inquiry. If your literature review is an introduction to your written report, your critique ought to support the rationale for carrying out the research. You'll and then country your research question(southward) and hypothesis.

Example of a Literature Review Conclusion

Hither is an example of a literature review conclusion:

"The objective of this review was to view the trends in composition studies within the past fifty years and meet how commentary on student writing has transformed and is all the same transforming. It's clear from the research reviewed that evaluative commentary is widely practiced all through limerick programs in universities today. Together with this, it's also evident that the field of composition studies in regards to the kinds of commentary that students get on their writing is varied and continues to be examined and analyzed to benefit both composition students and the society at large. Moreover, cosmetic vs. evaluative commentary is nevertheless being discussed, and continues to exist problematic in the discourse community of college composition and likewise high schoolhouse writing as viewed in Bardine et al.'s research." Assisting students to become better writers is important in our electric current guild with reducing school budgets."

Outlining Your Review

Bold that y'all want to compose a literature review concerning the efficiency of curt-term group therapy in lowering depression amid residents of a nursing home. You've now done research and compiled a list of the areas covered by your research:

• Pharmacological handling of low

• The elderly in nursing homes

• Measurement tools for depression

• Utilization of psychotherapy amongst the elderly

• Depression - causes, behavioral manifestations, and effects

• Societal attitudes towards aging

• Impacts of grouping therapy

• Side effects of drugs utilized to treat depression

• Psychological issues in the elderly

A possible outline for the literature review can exist:

• Depression in general

  • Causation theories

  • Behavioral manifestation

  • Impacts

• Low in the elderly, especially in nursing homes (problem and its scope)

• Impacts of therapy on depression

  • Long-term - disadvantages

  • Short-term

  • Group

The outline moves from full general to specific. Every bit you continue downward the outline, y'all'll bargain with the material in ascension depth, only equally the significance of the information to your project rises.

Concerns near Sentence Level

Look at how the following literature review example apa impacts readability: sentence strength, focus, placement of citation, agile vs. passive voice, and transition.

Original:

"The relationship that exists between motivation and the determination to achieve literacy has been examined by Smith (1975), Jones (1983), and Brown (1988). Motivation entails various expectations (Snappe, 1986; Krkel, 1988). A big study done by Amundson (1981) examined the beliefs people entering literacy programs, particularly outcome expectations and cocky-efficacy regardless of obstacles. Paape (1979), and in a follow-upwards projection Johnson (1985), examined resistance to motivational efforts or the tendency to overlook information about an issue that'southward hard to acknowledge. A literacy promotion plan needs to overcome the inclination to minimize the problem and to assist people to believe."

Revision:

"Research suggests that various factors influence an adult' determination to obtain literacy. Individuals need to be motivated to make such a determination (Smith, 1975; Jones, 1983; Brownish, 1988). Motivation involves at least 2 types of expectations (Snappe, 1986: Krakel, 1988). One must believe that literacy will positively bear upon one's life (event expectations) and also one can succeed in the effort to learn new skills regardless of obstacles (Amunon, 1981). Other research reveals that when the problem isn't piece of cake to acknowledge, people tend to overlook information about, that is, to resist motivational efforts 9Paape, 1979; Johnson, 1985). All these findings advise that a literacy promotion program needs to overcome the tendency to minimize the problem and to assist people to believe."

Comparing the higher up literature review example paragraphs ought to demonstrate how some rhetorical choices impact readability and clarity.

Some guidelines;

• Employ headings and topic sentences to inform readers what the discipline is and what point the fabric is contributing to the word.

• Exercise not simply betoken to the existence of literature on the topic; etch about methods or results in the studies you discuss.

• Examination sentences for relevance to the main point.

• Put citations where they don't distract from the line of idea you are presenting.

• Apply active verbs that are stiff and rich in content.

• Make use of transition words.

Style Tips

• Your tone should exist objective equally you summarize the inquiry. Don't allow your objectivity to turn your literature review to an annotated bibliography. Instead, bespeak out as you proceed how studies relate to one some other (for example, Smith (1988) and Jones (1990) utilized diverse samples to report the aforementioned phenomenon).

• Try to be analytical. Composing a review is an practise in comparative thinking. Your critique should be in your final discussion, where they will be more than efficient and significant to the reader.

• Connect paragraphs to one another, and link studies within paragraphs. Attempt to brand your literature review attractive by coming up with the topic sentence of each paragraph in a style that information technology achieves two things: it hooks in a style to the previous paragraph and too reveals what this new paragraph will be about, for instance; "In contrast to these studies, which have tried to measure the amount of stress a person is subjected to, various researchers are at present concentrating on a person's perception of demanding life events."

These connections may need to be fabricated inside a paragraph and also among a group of paragraphs, for example, "Jones (1989) and Smith (1991) were amongst the first persons to investigate the impacts of corruption towards children... Like Jones, Smith also utilized the Land-Trait Inventory but incorporated males in his sample" or "Lee's studies of learned vulnerability back up this written report'due south view of modification of behavior every bit situation-specific."

• Select verbs that precisely draw what the research did; hypothesized, questioned, adult, executed, measured, tested, and modified take divergent meanings.

• Apply directly quotes sparingly. They accept upwards more infinite than sentences constructed to recap the original. Quotations my incorporate concept and vocabulary not familiar to the reader.

• Utilize verb tenses accordingly. Employ the by tense to recap studies and procedures, for instance, "At least a tertiary of those sampled in one study said that they would both reject socially and dread violence from someone exhibiting behaviors associated with various mental illnesses." Employ the nowadays perfect tense to propose that something has happened more than one time in the past and may exist continuing; for instance, "In the last 20 years, researchers take often concentrated on the furnishings of posttraumatic stress disorder." Moreover, utilise the present tense to define theory and instruments, (for instance,"Developmental undertakings are key to Piaget's theory"), to discuss and critique (for case,"The utilization of self-study has two chief drawbacks"), and to generalize (for example"These findings imply that developed learners prefer self-evaluation"). In add-on, use the active and passive vox correctly. The active voice ("Jennifer repeated the examination with 3 samples") is not as wordy as the passive voice ("This test was repeated with three samples by Jennifer"). Nevertheless, it'due south proficient to use the passive voice when the object is more than important than the discipline (for example,"The players from the senior squad were shown the video"); when the subject is unknown ("This phenomenon was showtime defined in line with 18 ^thursday century standards"); when it wouldn't be a good idea to identify the subject area ("The first prepare of data wasn't correctly coded"); and when putting the object earlier the field of study more lucidly connects to a previous sentence or paragraph ("...screen techniques that increment job satisfaction. These techniques were as well assessed..."). Overuse of the passive phonation implies that research is happening by itself and the reader volition be confused about who's doing what.

Don'ts of Writing a Literature Review

• Citing supportive sources only - Information technology is crucial that you also mention those studies that contradict your stance. In other words, mention some dissenting studies and explain why they deviate from your thinking.

• Using non-scholarly articles.

• Depending on direct quotations - Even though it's okay to include direct quotations, don't depend on them too much.

• Composing a narrowly-focused literature review.

Conclusion

If you want to know more virtually how to write a literature review, the data in a higher place volition profoundly assist you. Call back, a literature review tin exist termed equally discursive prose, non a list summarizing several pieces of literature. Organize your review into segments that nowadays themes or pinpoint trends, including pertinent theory. Your job isn't to list all published material; information technology'south to synthesize and examine it in line with the guiding concept of your enquiry question or thesis.

To run across how these tips are brought to life, go through an example of literature review. Contact us today for some literature review samples.

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